Innovating Sustainability: Graduate Student Perceptions of AI-Driven Solutions in Global Fruit and Vegetable Production Systems

Abstract

This exploratory study investigated U.S. and non-U.S. graduate students' perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool for advancing sustainable fruit and vegetable (SFV) production. An in-person questionnaire was administered to horticulture graduate students at Auburn University and Perrotis College in Thessaloniki, Greece, spring of 2025. Four themes framed this investigation: 1) AI technology in SFV, 2) crop production practices, 3) research in AI SFV, and 4) global sustainability, AI, and SFV. Interval measurement scales determined responses from the participants and included 1) strongly agree, 2) agree, 3) neither agree/disagree, 4) disagree, and 5) strongly disagree in the constructs. Reliability coefficients ( = .75) were analyzed to examine the internal consistency of scale-based instruments.

Participants strongly agreed with international privacy regulations governing the use of AI in SFV (M = 1.40, SD = .75). Participants agreed that agroecological approaches were more effective than conventional farming methods for maintaining soil health (M = 1.60. SD = .84). Collaboration between researchers, universities, producers and AI is essential for practical solutions in SFV (M = 1.6, SD = .84). Participants disagreed about their perceptions of prioritizing funding for AI solutions to SFV in changing climates (M = 3.00, SD = 1.20), and interest in careers to improve AI use in SFV (M = 3.00, SD = 1.30).

Participants recognized the potential of AI in SFV. Their perceptions varied regarding specific applications and priorities. There was agreement between international privacy regulations for AI agroecological approaches. This implies a need for robust ethical frameworks and interdisciplinary partnerships to integrate SFV practices. Funding for AI in changing climates and students' interest in related careers suggests a potential gap between awareness and career pathways. Future research will investigate the locus of control factors influencing students' career interests, such as technological potential and practical skill development and implementation.